The manufacturer informs:
Overview
Concentrated source of high-purity potassium, required by plants for enzyme activation and involved in numerous biochemical reactions.
Stronger than competing products.
Formulated on the basis of extensive research into the nutritional requirements of aquatic plants.
Technical Background
Potassium is one of the most important elements for plant growth and health; it is used during photosynthesis, in the maintenance of ionic balance, in the translocation of important organic and inorganic substances (such as sugars and nutrients), and is essential to many biochemical reactions occurring in tissues, as is evidenced by the relatively high percentage of potassium contained in plant tissues (second only to that of Nitrogen).
The affinity that certain plants show for potassium may, in part, depend on the specific tendency to flower and form complex root systems (both of these characteristics correspond to a higher demand for potassium than that observed in bunch plants or those that flower infrequently).
Environmental factors, such as the intensity and duration of light and the presence of other nutrients in appropriate concentrations, can further influence potassium requirements.
As potassium is used in photosynthesis, a lack of it can induce chlorosis, a state in which insufficient chlorophyll is produced and the leaves fade; if not remedied, the plant may suffer from decay affecting large parts of tissue (chlorophyll is used in the formation of new tissue) and even die. Chlorosis seems to appear first in the older leaves of the plant, which tend to be in the more peripheral areas.
Besides Potassium, Magnesium, Iron, Manganese and Nitrogen are also important for chlorophyll production. Generally, it is sufficient to maintain a total Iron concentration of 0.05 - 0.10 ppm and a Magnesium concentration of ~5 ppm,. Nitrogen should be present in the form of nitrate in a concentration of less than 20 ppm.
The optimal potassium concentration may vary in each aquarium, it is advisable to start by keeping the concentration at around 15 ppm for the first week, and then adjust it by 1 - 2 ppm every fortnight, depending on the appearance of the plants. The suggested upper limit is about 30 ppm.
The rate at which potassium is consumed depends to a large extent on the growth rate of plants, so densely planted aquaria with good chemical and environmental values will require a regular supplement of potassium.
Brightwell Aquatics Florin-K is a very pure potassium additive, containing no chloride (although chloride is a vital element for plants, it is only required in very small quantities, contained in Brightwell Aquatics FlorinMulti). As the plants' demand for potassium is higher than for other nutrients, Florin-K is highly concentrated (50,000 ppm), making it an effective and economical source of Potassium
Instructions and Guidelines
Shake the product well before use. The most effective method for using a supplement of a specific ion is to determine the concentration of that ion in the aquarium before administering it.
Beginners: Dose 5 ml of product per approximately 189 litres (50 gallons) of aquarium water every other day or as needed; this corresponds to 1 ml (~8 drops) per 37.9 litres (10 gallons). When used in this manner, 250 ml of product treats up to 9464 litres (2500 gallons) of water.
Experts: determine the potassium concentration ("[K+]") in the aquarium using an accurate test before dosing. Each ml of Florin-K will increase the total potassium concentration (K+) in 3.785 litres (1 gallon) by 13.2 ppm. Each drop (250ml and 500ml cap) will increase the (K+) in 3.785 litres of water by 1.7 ppm, and the (K+) in 75.7 litres (20 gallons) by 0.08 ppm.
If the initial [K+] ion concentration in the aquarium is below 15 ppm, dose at a maximum rate of 1 ml per 18.93 litres (5 gallons) per day until the desired concentration is achieved, then dose daily or weekly as required. Try to keep [K+] within a range of +/-2 ppm at all times.
To determine the dosing frequency of this product once the desired [K+] concentration has been reached, measure the [K+] consumption in the aquarium daily by measuring it at the same time each day for a period of 1-2 weeks. To determine the daily dosage (preferable to weekly dosing) required to allow potassium levels to be maintained, make an estimate of the volume of water present in the whole aquarium system, divide the drop in [K+] level by 13.2, multiply this number by the volume of water present in the system to obtain the daily dosage required (in ml) to maintain a stable potassium level. Daily dosing allows for more stable [K+] levels (and a more natural environment) than weekly dosing, which causes a peak in Potassium immediately after dosing and a gradual drop over the course of the week.
Attention: Keep out of reach of children. Not suitable for human use.
Guaranteed analyses
0-0-6; Potassium (K) as soluble potassium chloride (K2O) (min) 6.00% (1.479 mg/oz.; 50.000 ppm)
Source of nutrients Potassium sulphate.
Other ingredients: Purified water.
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